Percentage Refusal Density (PRD) Performance of Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course (HRS-WC) Mixture with Substitution of Palm Shell Ash as Filler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24036/ijimce.v2i3.85Keywords:
HRS-WC, Percentage Refusal Density, palm shell ash, filler, Optimum Asphalt ContentAbstract
The increasing traffic volume and excessive loads on road pavements often cause permanent deformation in the wearing course layer. One potential solution is the utilization of industrial by-products, such as palm shell ash, as an alternative filler in Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course (HRS-WC) mixtures. This study aims to evaluate the effect of palm shell ash substitution on the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) using the Marshall method and the Percentage Refusal Density (PRD) approach. The research was conducted through laboratory experiments with substitution variations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results indicate that the OAC determined by the Marshall method tends to increase with higher palm shell ash content, ranging from 7.46% to 8.30%. Meanwhile, the OAC values based on PRD range between 7.29% and 8.13%, with the 50% substitution producing the most optimal value at 7.29%. These findings suggest that palm shell ash has significant potential as an eco-friendly alternative filler to enhance the performance of HRS-WC mixtures while simultaneously promoting sustainable utilization of palm oil industry waste
References
Asmuni (2010). "Characteristics of Quartz Sand (SiO2) Using XRD Method." Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sumatera, Medan.
Directorate General of Highways (2018). "2018 General Specifications for Road and Bridge Works." South Jakarta.
Directorate General of Highways (1999). "Technical Guidelines for Asphalt Mix Design Using Maximum Density ApprKAOh." Jakarta: PT. Medisa (PT. Mediatama Saptakarya).
Diwanta and Bestari (2015). "Purification of Silica Sand Using Sonication Process in Oxalic Acid Medium." Surabaya.
Ibrahim et al. (2021). "Analysis of Poisson Ratio and Deformation Resistance of AC-WC Mixture with Silica Sand Substitution," pp. 36–47.
Junaedi Dena Ramadhan (2020). "Effect of Quartz Sand Use as Fine Aggregate Replacement Material for AC-BC Pavement," 2, pp. 109–117.
Mataram I Nyoman Karnata et al. (2020). "Characteristics of HRS-WC Mixture Using Quartz Sand as Fine Aggregate," 24, pp. 150–160.
Permana M. Iqbal Herdiansyah et al. (2019). "Utilization of Quartz Sand and Fly Ash in AC-BC Mixture," 9, pp. 969–978.
Ramadhan Gayuh Bintang and Suparma Latif Budi (2018). "Effect of Quartz Sand Use on AC-WC Asphalt Concrete as Fine Aggregate Replacement," 4, pp. 91–104.[10] Ramadhan Moh Zulfi and Iduwin Tommy (2022). "Effect of PRD and Marshall Characteristics on Rubber Tire Powder in HRS-WC Mixture," 4, pp. 1–8.
S. Suhala and D. Isi (1997). "Industrial Minerals." Bandung.
Sukirman (2010). "Design of Flexible Pavement Structure Thickness." Bandung.
Sukirman (2016). "Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete." Bandung.
he Asphalt Institute (1983). "Mix Design Methods for Asphalt Concrete and Other Hot-Mix Types," Manual Series No. 2, Sixth Edition, The Asphalt Institute, pp. 1–78, 109–112.
Wirahaji Ida Bagus (2012). "Analysis of Optimum Asphalt Content of Laston Wearing Course on Simpang Sakah–Simpang Blahbatuh Road," 2, pp. 117–131.
Yusuf et al. (2015). "Study of Optimum Asphalt Content Using Marshall and Percentage Refusal Density Equipment," Itenas Journal, 2(1), pp. 1–10.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Lusyana, Mukhlis mukhlis, Enita Suardi, Era Alfansyuri, EtriSuhelmidawati, Rahmi Hidayati, Yan Partawijaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
